Roger Ailes. (photo: Wesley Mann/FOX News)
And this sleazy sexual predator is now working for the Trump campaign
23 August 16
ne
of the surprising things about the Fox News sexual-harassment story is
that the women who have come forward with allegations include several of
the network’s better-known anchors and reporters. You might think that
professional power could stave off the kind of
spin-around-and-let-me-see-your-ass leering and straight-up demands for
sex that Gretchen Carlson, Megyn Kelly, and others say they endured from
former Fox News chairman Roger Ailes and other male supervisors. (Ailes
and his lawyer, Susan Estrich, continue to deny the allegations.) But
that does not seem to have been the case.
In some ways, the situation at Fox was extreme: the
seventy-six-year-old Ailes, who stepped down from the chairmanship on
July 21st, soon after Carlson filed her lawsuit, seems to have taken
management tips from some minor but debauched Roman emperor. According
to Gabriel Sherman, an editor at New York
magazine who has kept a close eye on Ailes and Fox News for several
years now, the former chairman spent millions of dollars from the
network’s budget to settle sexual-harassment claims and to maintain a
cadre of consultants and private detectives, who worked out of what was
known as “the Black Room,” keeping tabs on journalists like Sherman and
others who’d covered him aggressively. How did he get away with it? “It
was the culture,” one Fox executive told Sherman.
“You didn’t ask questions, and Roger wouldn’t entertain questions.”
When it came to sexual harassment, ideology surely played a role, too:
given the pervasive scorn at Fox for “political correctness,” or
feminism of any stripe, it must have been especially hard to be an
ambitious woman who chose to make a stink, to risk looking like what
Carlson says Ailes called her—“a man hater.”
To some researchers who’ve studied sexual harassment,
though, the Fox News scenario doesn’t look like that much of an outlier.
For one thing, some studies have found that women in positions of
authority, especially in workplaces that are dominated by men, may be more likely to experience sexual harassment than women in lower-status positions. In a 2012 study called “Sexual Harassment, Workplace Authority, and the Paradox of Power,”
the authors—Heather McLaughlin, Christopher Uggen, and Amy
Blackstone—found that women in supervisor positions were more likely
than non-supervisors to say that they had been sexually harassed on the
job in the previous year. (This doesn’t seem to have been merely because
supervisors as a group may be more knowledgeable about what constitutes
harassment—the same pattern did not hold true for male supervisors and
subordinates, for example.) When I spoke with McLaughlin, who is now a
professor of sociology at Oklahoma State University, she called the
study’s finding “counterintuitive,” because “to most people the most
common scenario is still the powerful male boss and the vulnerable
female secretary.” That scenario still happens, of course, but sexual
harassment may be even more prevalent, she said, where women are
“gaining power in the workplace, and it becomes a way of trying to
reëstablish who’s actually in charge.”
McLaughlin says that these findings make sense,
because, she believes, workplace sexual harassment isn’t really about
sex; it’s about power. There’s probably a good deal of truth to that.
Not that it explains every case: the person hitting on an attractive
co-worker or subordinate might, after all, just be looking for sex at
the place he or she happens to spend most of his or her time. (Although,
in the age of dating apps, not to mention escort services and chat
rooms, there are other, less potentially career-ending ways to get some.
The appeal, for a guy like Ailes, of using the office as your personal
hunting ground may have more to do with trying to leverage your
authority there to get women who’d be out of your league on the more
even playing field of Tinder.) But it’s true that the workplace
commenter/ogler doesn’t necessarily think his or her perving is going to
reap actual sexual rewards. Often, these comments aren’t admiring in
any way, just gross or demeaning. (McLaughlin et al. found that a lot of
sexual harassment was aimed at women who didn’t comport with
traditional standards of femininity.) And it’s also true that, whatever
the goal, the effect of such harassment is often to embarrass, unnerve,
or undermine the professional confidence of the target.
Indeed, there’s another important way in which the
allegations of sexual harassment at Fox News are not at all unique: they
are a reminder of what a serious disruption harassment can be to a
career. Take the case of Rudi Bakhtiar, who told the Times in
July that, back in 2007, she lost a promotion she was expecting—to be a
regular correspondent in Fox’s Washington bureau—after she turned down
the sexual advances of a colleague who was about to become the bureau
chief. Bakhtiar, who had been a foreign correspondent for CNN and who
speaks fluent Farsi, had just scored a reportorial coup—getting herself
into Iran for a meeting between Iranian and Iraqi leaders—and she was
feeling confident about her prospects at the network. But she says
things went badly for her after she rebuffed her colleague, Brian
Wilson, and filed a complaint:
Wilson, contacted by the Times, said he
strongly objected to Bakhtiar’s characterization of events. Bakhtiar
reached a settlement with Fox for an undisclosed amount.
Bakhtiar says her agent advised her that she might
have to start all over again in local news and work her way up. She
couldn’t bring herself to do that, but she spent a few years out of
journalism, working in public relations for an Iranian-American
organization, before eventually taking a job as a producer at Reuters.
For many women, the climb back up is even tougher.
McLaughlin told me that she and her colleagues are about to publish a
new study in which they examined the long-term consequences of
harassment. They looked at women working in a variety of fields, some of
whom said that they had been the targets of unwanted sexual attention
on the job when they were in their late twenties. Now, eight to ten
years later, eighty-two per cent of the women who said that they’d
experienced severe sexual harassment had changed jobs, compared to only
fifty-four per cent of those who had not. (The study defined “severe” as
unwanted touching or four or more incidents of other harassing
behaviors.) People change jobs a lot in their twenties—often for better
jobs—so it’s hard to draw too many conclusions from these numbers alone,
but the contrast between the two categories is suggestive. And the
women who had experienced harassment did see their earnings trajectories
climb less steeply. “Compared to other working women,” McLaughlin said,
“their earnings growth over this period of time was much slower over all, plateauing throughout their early thirties.”
This stall-out might have occurred for a number of
reasons. In some cases, McLaughlin said, “it’s because women are giving
up seniority and other advancement opportunities by starting over again
with a new employer.” Moreover, “many of the women who quit switched
careers—some quite drastically.” If they moved out of “highly
competitive and masculine environments” that might pay well (say,
banking) but that can also “be breeding grounds for a larger culture of
harassment,” they sometimes ended in up in more “feminized and less
lucrative fields” (say, retail).
Finally, McLaughlin said, some women who reported offensive behavior paid the price that women often fear: “They were labelled as untrustworthy or ‘not a team player’ and were subsequently passed over for promotion or excluded by their colleagues.”
Finally, McLaughlin said, some women who reported offensive behavior paid the price that women often fear: “They were labelled as untrustworthy or ‘not a team player’ and were subsequently passed over for promotion or excluded by their colleagues.”
Still, the more that powerful women who have
experienced harassment come forward, the less likely it will be that
employers can get away with punishing them. Though Fox News is doing its
best to pretend that none of this ever happened, the revelations about
Ailes may help others in the long run. As Paul Farhi, of the Washington Post,
reported last week, the allegations and their fallout have scarcely
been mentioned on the network—“no panel discussions, no diatribes from
Fox’s famously aggressive hosts, no follow-up investigations, no
tributes to the Ailes era”—but, try as it might, this story won’t go
away.
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